It is more tolerant of salt and alkaline soils, but less tolerant of flooding and cercosporidium needle blight (Creech et al. mucronatum is native to Mexico, much of Guatemala, the tip of South Texas and New Mexico. It is highly resistant to Cercosporidium needle blight and tolerant of flooding, salt, alkalinity and strong winds (Creech et al. distichum is native to the southeastern United States, from Delaware to Texas, and inland up the Mississippi River to southern Indiana. 2014), which are allogamous, wind-pollinated, and diploid with a haploid chromosome number (n) of 11 (2n = 22). Taxodium distichum, Taxodium ascendens and Taxodium mucronatum (Qi et al. Taxodium is a genus containing three coniferous species, viz. This is the first report on the construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis in Taxodium, laying the groundwork for the construction of a high-density genetic map and QTL mapping in the genus Taxodium. Another QTL for crown width (qtCW-2) was detected at 1.0 cM on LG13, with a logarithm of odds value of 3.15, and explained 31.7 % of the total variation of crown width. Four significant QTLs were identified, three of which, namely qtSH-1 for seedling height, qtBD-1 for basal diameter and qtCW-1 for crown width, were located at 2.659 cM of LG7 with logarithm odds values of 3.72, 3.49 and 3.93, respectively, and explained 24.9, 27.0 and 21.7 % of the total variation of the three grown traits, respectively. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting growth traits, such as seedling height, basal diameter and crown width, were detected based on the constructed linkage map. The map has a total length of 976.5 cM, with a mean distance of 7.0 cM between markers, and contains 34 linkage groups with 179 markers (171 SRAPs and 8 SSRs). In this study, a genetic linkage map was constructed using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on an F 1 population containing 148 individuals generated from a cross between T. Reapply if wet weather persists.Taxodium is a genus renowned for its fast growth, good form and tolerance of flooding, salt, alkalinity, disease and strong winds. Manage Lophodermium needle cast by applying a preventative fungicide in late summer through fall. Do not prune in wet weather and remove any fallen needles. To manage Dothistroma needle blight, apply a protective fungicide in mid-spring and again 4 to 6 weeks later. If the problem is severe, reapply until late fall.

Manage Cyclaneusma needle cast by applying a protective fungicide 3 times in early spring through mid-summer. Do not prune trees during wet weather and sterilize pruning tools between cuts. To manage brown spot needle blight, apply a protective fungicide in early spring. This disease causes premature defoliation in the summer following infection. In late summer to early fall, black, football-shaped fruiting bodies form on needles. Lophodermium needle cast appears in late fall to early spring as brown spots with yellow margins on young needles. Young trees can be severely stunted and die. There’s an obvious cut-off line between the infected tissue and the needle base, which stays green at the needle base. The spots turn brown then reddish-brown and continue up to the tips of the needles. Premature defoliation occurs.ĭothistroma needle blight causes yellow to tan spots in the fall. Off-white fruiting bodies form on needles and spores are released in wet weather. Spots emerge, killing most of the needle and causing premature defoliation the following summer.Ĭyclaneusma needle cast symptoms usually appear in late summer or fall as light green to yellow spots on infected 2-year old or older needles. Biology & Symptoms:īrown spot needle blight causes straw-colored to light brown spots on needles in late summer or early fall. Hosts:īrown spot needle blight is common on longleaf pines in the southeastern United States and Scots pines in the Central Plains and Great Lakes regions.Ĭyclaneusma needle cast mainly affects Scots pines but also can infect other pine species such as Austrian pines and Eastern white pine.ĭothistroma needle blight affects Austrian, lodgepole, Monterey, and Ponderosa pines. Needle Blight & Cast of Pines Description:īrown spot needle blight, Cyclaneusma needle cast, Dothistroma needle blight, and Lophodermium needle cast are common fungal diseases that attack pine needles, causing spots, blights, and premature defoliation.

Needle blight 5s